HETI Journal Repository

2023 onwards: Print ISSN: 2811-6119, Online ISSN:2811-6127
Pre 2023: Online ISSN: 2811-6135

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Jerzy Krężel,
2012/2013
Hippotherapy
Hippotherapy, according to the definition used by the Polish Hippotherapy Association, is a form of medical treatment that might improve...
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Hippotherapy, according to the definition used by the Polish Hippotherapy Association, is a form of medical treatment that might improve a patient’s condition in physical, mental and social domains. It is obvious that if hippotherapists want to develop and promote this treatment strategy, some effort should be made to have it accepted and approved by the medical community as a complementary treatment option. For countries like Poland, this effort could help us promote the emergence of the official profession of hippotherapist. Undoubtedly, a reasonable and professional development of this treatment strategy needs to be conducted in accordance with the philosophy of science. Unfortunately, some papers and proceedings on the topic of hippotherapy give the impression that not all therapists share that opinion. While some papers present objective results of studies as well as discussion based on scientific knowledge, others feed us with fairytale speculations decorated with modern physics terminology. This leads to an erroneous increase in the significance of pseudoscientific publications. The goal of this text is to emphasize the difference between a scientific and a pseudo-scientific approach. Several hippotherapy articles are presented as an example of science. As a counter-example, some pseudo-scientific revelations are also introduced. By means of analysis and comparison, the author attempts to show the benefits of an objective, evidence-based evaluation and promotion of hippotherapy, as well as the losses resulting from pseudoscientific or even fictitious digressions. After clear demarcation of the two opposing approaches, the author discusses guidelines pertaining to planning and conducting evidence-based study. It is the results of these studies that may, after statistical analysis, scientifically show whether hippotherapy as a treatment approach is 1) harmless (that is, bringing no danger to the patient/client), and 2) improves the patient’s functioning.
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Patrycja Czarnoleska
2012/2013
Hippotherapy
Postural problems are prevalent due to lifestyle factors. Horseback riding might have the potential to improve the postural configuration of...
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Postural problems are prevalent due to lifestyle factors. Horseback riding might have the potential to improve the postural configuration of individuals, but evidence is sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate the postural differences between horseback riders and sedentary non-riding individuals. In this small-scale study, quantitative and qualitative measurements were used to assess sagital plane, seated posture of a group of 43 individuals (25 females, 18 males) including 23 horseback riders and 20 non-riders. There were no statistical anthropometrical, age, gender or personality differences between riders and non-riders and the confounding factors of psychosocial and socio-economic profile were eliminated. Riders showed significantly better posture in some variables, namely cranio-cervical angle, neck flexion angle, position of shoulder and pelvic tilt. Thus, there is preliminary evidence that horse riding may aid human posture.
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Alison Selby
2011
Mental Health
Equine-facilitated psychotherapy is explored in a historical context to enhance understanding of the treatment approach and as a basis...
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Equine-facilitated psychotherapy is explored in a historical context to enhance understanding of the treatment approach and as a basis for the continued construction of a theoretical framework. An overview of the European and North American history of horsemanship as therapy is presented, and the preeminent professional organizations are identified. Hippotherapy, therapeutic horsemanship, therapeutic riding, and other activities with horses are described as they relate to therapeutic techniques involving equines in the mental health setting. The importance of standardized terminology is emphasized to ensure proper usage, and to promote comprehension and agreement across settings. Some relevant theoretical constructs are suggested, which include animal-assisted therapy, biophilia, myth and metaphor, as well as theories of attachment, neurodevelopment, the therapeutic relationship and exercise; they are identified as important foundational elements of the evolving theoretical underpinnings of this unique form of treatment.
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Corey Souza
2011
Equine Studies
Research in hippology lacks a fixed location within North American academia. Crossing the boundaries of science and art, hippology has...
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Research in hippology lacks a fixed location within North American academia. Crossing the boundaries of science and art, hippology has entered the discourses of archeologists, classical historians, art historians, cognition scientists, physical and psychotherapists. This paper locates the intersections of hippology and anthropology by analyzing studies ranging from early domestication to hippotherapy and proposes horse-human ecology as a dynamic field of inquiry for anthropological research.
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Anita Shkedi
2011
Risk and Safety
This is an educational article about the fundamental response to fear, the “flight or fight” mechanism that is inherent in...
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This is an educational article about the fundamental response to fear, the “flight or fight” mechanism that is inherent in most animal species, and its relevance to therapeutic activities involving horses. By critically examining the hypothesis that the human amygdala’s response to fear blocks a person’s ability to think, focus, and learn, it is then possible to consider how to prevent it from becoming a powerful detractor in an EAA/T session. Using literature to support this argument, suggestions are made as to how to improve the structure of the EAA/T session so that the challenged rider can feel safe both externally and internally. Challenged riders with various disabilities, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and neuro-developmental dysfunctions, phobias and anxiety, are discussed.
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Sven Forsling,
2011
Mental Health
In the 1980s a Swedish study, “444 Stockholm Youth in Crisis,” identified the special institutional needs and challenges of young...
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In the 1980s a Swedish study, “444 Stockholm Youth in Crisis,” identified the special institutional needs and challenges of young females aged 16 – 21 years. It pointed to the need for change in the prevailing high cost, staff intensive closed unit system with its poor therapeutic outcomes. In response the Frossarbo Therapeutic Model (FTM), based on a psychodynamic therapeutic approach and Milieu Therapy, was carried out and evaluated between 1987 and 1997. This model went against existing practice and focused on the strength of the juveniles instead of on their distress diagnoses. Over the 10 year period 47 girls (6 at a time) came to Frossarbo Stables for an alternative therapy which involved learning about, caring for and training trotting horses in preparation for racing. FTM was evaluated against standard variables established by The General Board of Compulsory Treatment, Stockholm Metropolitan Council. It received top ratings in all variables.
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Rebecca Cook
2011
Risk and Safety
Introduction: It is becoming increasingly popular for therapists to provide treatment incorporating hippotherapy. However equine activities involve inherent risk. The...
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Introduction: It is becoming increasingly popular for therapists to provide treatment incorporating hippotherapy. However equine activities involve inherent risk. The aim of this study was to discover incident and injury occurrences within the hippotherapy milieu. Method: Annual data on risks and injury was collected from hippotherapy providers in each of the years 2007 to 2010 via an internet survey. Results: A total of 425 responses, representing 143,855 hippotherapy sessions, revealed a rate of one injury for every 14,386 hippotherapy sessions (0.007%) with no injury being permanent or disabling. This compares favorably with injury rates for recreational and sporting activities with horses. Identified risk factors included horse behavior, weather conditions, and absence of assistants. Conclusions: Because there are inherent risks associated with hippotherapy, a sound risk management program and skilled expertise beyond traditional academic courses is essential for a safe treatment environment.
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M Leif Hallberg,
2011
Mental Health
The work of a PATH Intl. task force offers a unique view on the practice of equine-facilitated psychotherapy. The...
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The work of a PATH Intl. task force offers a unique view on the practice of equine-facilitated psychotherapy. The context for this orientation lies embedded within the broader and long-standing approach of PATH Intl. to equine-assisted activities and therapies and to the organization’s general approach to therapeutic work with horses and other equines. This paper outlines the evolution of PATH Intl.’s approach to equine facilitated psychotherapy and summarizes the key elements and requirements of that approach, namely use of practice guidelines, standards, certification and accreditation.
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Leigh Shambo,
2011
Mental Health
The HEAL Model of Equine-Facilitated Psychotherapy and Learning (EFP/L) focuses on bonding with the horse as treatment for...
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The HEAL Model of Equine-Facilitated Psychotherapy and Learning (EFP/L) focuses on bonding with the horse as treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other clinical disorders. The author draws on literature from the fields of neuroscience, attachment and trauma psychology, and animal science to explain the human-horse bond, and how the bond itself helps clients resolve troubled emotional history. Methods are explained including the clinical framework of treatment planning, the facilitator’s focus and responsibilities, and the typical progression of clients through beginning, middle and final stages of therapy. A case vignette and excerpts from qualitative data gathered from clients treated with this model are presented. These support the author’s hypothesis that the bond with the horse enables the client to form new neural pathways in the limbic (i.e. emotional-social) part of the brain.
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Lynn Thomas,
2011
Mental Health
The Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association (EAGALA), established twelve years ago has a unique approach to equine assisted psychotherapy...
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The Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association (EAGALA), established twelve years ago has a unique approach to equine assisted psychotherapy and learning which is based firmly on sound professional principles in horsemanship, psychotherapy and pedagogy. This paper outlines the development and basis of the EAGALA model, and also provides practical examples of its application in practice.
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