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2023 onwards: Print ISSN: 2811-6119, Online ISSN:2811-6127
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Anna Pasquinelli, Paola Allori, Morena Mencaroni, Monica Di Stefano
2001
Therapeutic Riding
In order to conduct an objective assessment of the effects of Therapeutic Riding (TR) in subjects (S) affected by Neuromotor…
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In order to conduct an objective assessment of the effects of Therapeutic Riding (TR) in subjects (S) affected by Neuromotor Disorders we propose 3 evaluation tools:1) administration of a scientific protocol for a quantitative assessment of the effects on horseback and on the ground ofTR;2) definition of"TR time." This is the time required to stabilize the positive effects obtained by an activity on horseback ("TR time on horseback") and on the ground ("TR time on the ground"); it is used to define the useful duration ofTR;3) assessment of the "Ground/Horseback effect ratio" (Index G/H) in order to establish "the maintenance index on the ground" because the real target ofTR, as of any rehabilitation, is the long-term mainte- nance of the positive effect observed in the health-care setting.* Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Science, University of Florence, Italy. Mailing Address: Cattedra di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Dipartimento di Scienze Neuroligiche e Psichiatriche, Policlinico di Careggi, Viale Morgagm 85,50134 Florence Italy; phone number: 0039-55-4298431; 4278254; fax number: 0039-55- 4298432
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Cirila Burja, Monika Zadnikar & Anastasija Lavric
2001
Therapeutic Riding
Slovenia is a small, relatively young country, which people often confuse with Slovakia because of the similarity in names.!t is…
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Slovenia is a small, relatively young country, which people often confuse with Slovakia because of the similarity in names.!t is situated in the north of the Bal- kans, between Austria, Italy, Hungary and Croatia. It has a population of 2 million.At this year's congress Slovenia is represented for the first time by staff of the Centre for Training of Physically Handicapped Young People, Kamnik, who are the instigators of therapeutic riding in our country.Our Centre uses recognized educational and health programmes, wlllch are modi- fied to suit characteristics needs of the 170 physically - handicapped children and adolescents who attend our Centre. In 1997 our Centre celebrated its 50th anniversary. Initially our Centre catered for children with war injuries, later chil- dren with poliomyelitis. Today the majority of our children have cerebral palsy (37%), neuromuscular diseases (14,5%), spina bifida (13,3%), motor handicaps as a consequence of trauma (8,1 %) and other conditions (27,1 %). Our Centre consists of four independent departments: primary school, secondary school, boarding department and medical department.
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Alba Cornelia Murano, Paola Allori, Anna Pasquinell, BarbaraBiagini
2000
Therapeutic Riding
Therapeutic Riding (TR) with its main disciplines (Hyppotherapy, Remedial Educational Riding and Vaulting, Sports Riding for the Disabled) is indicated…
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Therapeutic Riding (TR) with its main disciplines (Hyppotherapy, Remedial Educational Riding and Vaulting, Sports Riding for the Disabled) is indicated for various types of pathologies and was seen to be especially effective in neuropsychiatric disorders of the developmental age. The peculiar nature of these pathologies in the developmental age is attributable not only to clinical complexities but also to the frequent co-presence in the same subject of more than one disorder (polyhandicap); therefore precise indications are required for the method ofrehabilition. Comorbidity (for example, Cerebral Palsy and psychopathology, mental retardation and psychosis) accentuates the disability and produces a consequent modification in the process of development with repercussions on the mother-child relationship and on the environment (possibility of transition from "disability" to "handicap" - WHO, 1980).
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Paola Allori, Anna Pasquinelli
2000
Therapeutic Riding
Disability is defined as the biological or functional element that determines an objective lack or loss of the specific resources…
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Disability is defined as the biological or functional element that determines an objective lack or loss of the specific resources which are necessary for adaptation and which are characteristic of the species, genre and age of the subject (Papini, 1996). According to the WHO definition, instead, handicap is the feature of the disability which involves personal identity as well as the family and the community. Since disability involves the lack or loss of the necessary tools of adaptation, it follows that any rehabilitation technique must help the disabled to regain these tools; at the same time, it must also prevent or remedy the transformation of a disability into a handicap. In order to reach these goals, it's necessary to establish a program of rehabilitation which must provide differentiated solutions for the subject on the basis of age, pathology, level of individual and social-family compliance. This can be achieved through various forms of rehabilitation (Papini, 1996; Pasquinelli and Papini, 1997):- Technical Rehabilitation (Rl): the aim is to reduce, as much as possible, the disability to minimum degree through specific health-care techniques based on different principles and rehabilitative approaches;- Social Rehabilitation (R2): the aim is to reduce specific problems deriving from the handicap and this is achieved by employing psychological and educational strategies which can help the disabled in their process of integration in the family, in school, in society and at work.
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Heloisa Bruna Grubits Freire
2000
Hippotherapy
In 1997 we initiated research which aimed to evaluate the possibilities of Equinotherapy as a therapeutic resource in the treatment…
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In 1997 we initiated research which aimed to evaluate the possibilities of Equinotherapy as a therapeutic resource in the treatment of autistic children or children presenting with atypical autistic disturbances as classified by DSM IV. The research involved a case study and clinicalevaluation using evaluation measurements before and after the intervention by considering equinotherapy as the introduced independent variable. The dependent variables were eleven kinds of behaviour which typify the autistic condition according to the DSM-IV and nine other ones considered by the researcher, through her clinical experience, as relevant in the definition of the autistic child. Seven children ranging in age from 4 to 9 years old, being four of them diagnosed as autistic and three of them carrying atypical autistic disturbances, were selected for the research. Besides the continuous records of the sessions, behavioural observation report cards and patterned evaluative cards from the "Friends of the Autistic Association" were utilised. A half-an-hour session was performed once a weekfor two semesters. In the results and conclusion we present the history of the patients, a description of the sessions of one of the cases studied, an analysis of one of the observed behaviours and finally, a discussion of the results before and after the evaluation. After analysing the results we have concluded that significant changes have occurred in the development of the postural tone normalisation motricity. This raises issuesfor other projects and research in regard to equinotherapy therapeutic resources and work with autistic children.
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Susan Graham
1999
Hippotherapy
This project reports the effects of equine therapy for the adult with multiple sclerosis (MS). Survey methodology was used to…
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This project reports the effects of equine therapy for the adult with multiple sclerosis (MS). Survey methodology was used to report information about the physical and psychological changes experienced by 8persons with MS who engage in horseback ridingfor therapeutic benefits. Descriptive techniques were used to analyze data from the survey participants.Responses obtained from the surveys were totalled and percentages compared. The literature review presents the symptoms and treatment interventions associated with the disease including the equine treatment techniques of hippotherapy and therapeutic riding. The model of human occupation is presented to establish the role of the occupational therapist when providing equine therapy treatment. Facts and information are reported on 8 horseback ridingfacilities in northern California who provide horseback riding therapy.
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Octavia Brown, Jean M. Tebay
1999
Education and Training
This paper was presented at the Third European Conference on Therapeutic Riding, Munich, Germany, September 1998. The authors raise issues…
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This paper was presented at the Third European Conference on Therapeutic Riding, Munich, Germany, September 1998. The authors raise issues of standards. training, professional credentials, research, translation of teaching materials, and consensus on terminology and explore them in the light of the future development of therapeutic riding as a bona fide international profession.
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Robert M. Miller
1999
Equine Studies
It may seem to be incongruous that the flighty, easily frightened horse can be more quickly desensitised to frightening sensory…
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It may seem to be incongruous that the flighty, easily frightened horse can be more quickly desensitised to frightening sensory stimuli than other animals, but it is nevertheless true.What more vivid example can be given than the millions of horses which have been trained for military use. Horses have stood quietly in ranks under artillery barrage, charged into battle, carried knights in armour, pulled caissons, ambulances, and supply wagons, and trained to lie down to provide cover for firing cavalry troopers.Even today horses tolerate the banners and noise of parades, police horses calmly manipulate rioting mobs, and horses pack dead game for hunters. Buffalo and boar have been pursued on horseback. In some areas highly trained horses deftly avoid the charges of fighting bulls. In the ranching industry all over the world, stock horses mingle with and control herds of half-wild cattle.
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Robert M. Miller
1999
Equine Studies
The horse has the fastest response time of any common domestic animal. This is logical considering the fact that flight…
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The horse has the fastest response time of any common domestic animal. This is logical considering the fact that flight - the instinct to sprint away from perceived danger - is the species' principal defensive behaviour, but it is also a bit surprising considering the size of the animal.
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Karol Hornacek
1999
Therapeutic Riding
Through applying Therapeutic Riding we have met up with all sorts of phenomena which, in our opinion, are best explained…
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Through applying Therapeutic Riding we have met up with all sorts of phenomena which, in our opinion, are best explained by the existence of bioenergy informational processes. The supposed bioenergy informational system consists of subsystems: the protective energy covering of the body - the aura; the system of energy centers - the chakras; the system of acupuncture meridians, points and microsystems of the ear, foot, etc. We have based our conclusions on both the theoretical work of the professional public /supposed existence of sensors for very low magnetic field! and our own practical experiences. In our opinion, during therapeutic riding exist transfer from energy field of the horse to the patient and vice versa with a energy complementation on the patient. Also we suppose an important effect on the first chakra and we predict an acupressure stimulation of acupuncture meridians and points." ... they will place their hands on sick people, and they will get well. " Mark 1618
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